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 Epidural Injections

 Facet Joint Injections

 Nerve Blocks

 Discography

 Radiofrequency Lesioning

 Spinal Cord Stimulation

 Intradiscal Electrothermal Annuloplasty

 Nucleoplasty

 Botulinum Toxin Injections

 Acupuncture

 Pharmacotherapy Management

 Quantitative Sensory Testing

 Trigger Point Injections

 Intrathecal Implantable Pumps
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Intrathecal Implantable Pumps
With Intrathecal Implantable Pumps, a medication pump is implanted in the patient and programmed to release medication directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the spinal cord. Morphine delivered directly to the intrathecal space is particularly effective because it does not have to circulate through the body to reach the CSF and the part of the spinal cord involved in pain perception. As a result, much smaller doses are needed (e.g., approximately 1/300 of an oral morphine dose), and the frequency and severity of side effects are reduced.
Indications: Failed Back Syndrome (FBS), Cancer Pain, Spinal Cord Injury
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